| Origin Location | Bhutan |
|---|---|
| Date Range | 1800 - 1899 |
| Material | Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton |
| Collection | Private |
Classification: Deity
Appearance: Wrathful
Gender: Neuter
Maning Mahakala
The teacher at the top left corner is Pema Lingpa, the well-known Nyingma treasure revealer. The teacher at the top right is Kunzang Tenpai Nyima, the 8th Peling Sungtrul (1843-1891). This incarnation lineage are the direct incarnations of Pema Lingpa and are based in Bhutan. For that reason, it is more likely that the painting originated in Bhutan, during the life of the 8th Peling Sungtrul, rather than Tibet.
The identifiable wrathful deities surrounding the main figure include Vaishravana riding a lion, Gyajin Pehar riding an elephant, Tseringma riding a lion, Ekajati and Sri Devi Dudsolma. The various deities with warrior appearance riding horses may be particular to the treasure texts of Pema Lingpa or local protectors of Bhutan.
Nick Dharmadi 10-2026